Parthenogenesis is asexual reproduction in which genetic contribution from male is dispensed with. Eggs develop to offspring on their own without being fertilised by a sperm. This is seen in nature in some species of plants, insects, reptiles etc. In facultative parthenogenesis the animal switch from sexual to parthenogenetic reproduction under difficult situations. Non-parthenogenetic species reproduce sexually and do not give “virgin births”. In a study reported recently, researchers achieved induction of facultative parthenogenesis and “virgin births” in Drosophila melanogaster (a non-parthenogenetic species) through genetic engineering. The research team identified involved genes and demonstrated for the time first time how expressions of involved genes influence induction of facultative parthenogenesis in an animal.
Parthenogenesis ແມ່ນຮູບແບບຂອງການສືບພັນທາງເພດທີ່ບໍ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ຈະເລີນພັນທີ່ of an egg by a sperm. The embryo is formed by the female on her own (without genetic contribution from a male) which develops to give “virgin birth”. Parthenogenesis could be either obligate or facultative. In case of facultative parthenogenesis, the animal switch from sexual to parthenogenetic reproduction under difficult situations while obligate parthenogenesis is the situation when reproduction is mainly asexual through parthenogenesis.
“ການເກີດເປັນເວີຈິນ” ໂດຍບໍ່ມີການໃສ່ພັນກັບເຊື້ອອະສຸຈິອາດເປັນເລື່ອງແປກ ແຕ່ຮູບແບບການສືບພັນຂອງເພດຊາຍແມ່ນປະກົດຢູ່ຕາມທໍາມະຊາດໃນຫຼາຍຊະນິດຂອງພືດ, ແມງໄມ້, ຕອບ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ. ໄດ້ຮັບການ induced ປອມໃນໄຂ່ໃນຫ້ອງທົດລອງເພື່ອໃຫ້ເກີດລູກຫລານກົບແລະຫນູ. ຕົວຢ່າງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຂອງ parthenogenesis ປອມຢູ່ໃນກົບແລະຫນູບໍ່ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ກົບແລະຫນູເປັນເພດຍິງທີ່ເຫມາະສົມທີ່ຈະໃຫ້ເກີດເປັນເວີຈິນໄອແລນດ້ວຍຕົວມັນເອງຍ້ອນວ່າພຽງແຕ່ໄຂ່ຂອງພວກມັນຖືກກະຕຸ້ນໃຫ້ເກີດ. embryogenesis ໃນເງື່ອນໄຂຫ້ອງທົດລອງ. ນີ້ມີການປ່ຽນແປງໃນປັດຈຸບັນກັບບົດລາຍງານ (ຈັດພີມມາໃນວັນທີ 28th July 2023) of non-parthenogenetic animals giving “virgin births” following genetic engineering. This is first such case of sexually reproducing animal turning parthenogenetic because of manipulations in their genes.
Two species of Drosophila were used in this study. Drosophila mercatorum species, which has sexually reproducing strain and parthenogenetically reproducing strain (facultative), was used to identify genes involved in parthenogenesis while Drosophila melanogaster which is a non-parthenogenetic species was used for gene manipulation to produce parthenogenetic ບິນ
The research team sequenced genomes of two strains of Drosophila mercatorum and compared gene activity in eggs of the two strains. This led to identification of 44 candidate genes with potential roles in parthenogenesis. Next was to test if manipulating candidate gene homologs would induce facultative parthenogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. The researchers found a polygenic system – facultative parthenogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (a non-parthenogenetic species) was triggered by increased expression of the mitotic protein kinase polo and decreased expression of a desaturase, Desat2 that was enhanced by increased expression of Myc. The eggs grew parthenogenetically mainly to triploid offspring. This is first demonstration of genetic basis of facultative parthenogenesis in an animal as well as its induction through genetic ວິສະວະກໍາ.
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ແຫລ່ງທີ່ມາ:
- Sperling AL, et al 2023 A genetic basis for facultative parthenogenesis in Drosophila. Current Biology Published: 28 July 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.006
- ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລ Cambridge ປີ 2023. ຂ່າວ- ນັກວິທະຍາສາດຄົ້ນພົບຄວາມລັບຂອງການເກີດລູກບໍລິສຸດ, ແລະປ່ຽນຄວາມສາມາດໃນແມງວັນເພດຍິງ. ມີຢູ່ https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/scientists-discover-secret-of-virgin-birth-and-switch-on-the-ability-in-female-flies ເຂົ້າໃຊ້ເມື່ອ 2023-08-01.
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