Scientists have shown that ສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ stress can affect normal development of ອັນຕະລາຍ system in worms who are approaching puberty
Scientists have been trying to understand how our genes (our genetic makeup) and different ສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ factors shape our ລະບົບປະສາດ ໃນໄລຍະການພັດທະນາຕົ້ນໃນເວລາທີ່ພວກເຮົາມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຂຶ້ນ. ຄວາມຮູ້ນີ້ສາມາດເພີ່ມຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈຂອງພວກເຮົາກ່ຽວກັບຄວາມຜິດປົກກະຕິທາງ neurological ທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນເຊິ່ງສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນເກີດມາຈາກວົງຈອນ neural ປົກກະຕິໃນການທໍາລາຍລະບົບປະສາດຂອງພວກເຮົາ. ໃນການສຶກສາທີ່ພິມເຜີຍແຜ່ໃນ ລັກສະນະ, ວິທະຍາສາດ from Columbia University have studied the nervous system of small transparent worms (C. elegans) to elucidate understanding of how it shapes up. They show that stress caused by environmental factors can have a permanent intense effect on connections taking place in the nervous system which is still developing. In their experiment they made male worms undergo starvation just before the worms were to undergo sexual maturation with an aim to stunt their puberty. Exposure to external stress, specifically starvation, even a few days before sexual maturation affected wiring patterns of critical neuronal circuits in worm’s ອັນຕະລາຍ system thus preventing normal changes to take place. The rewiring program of their nervous system was basically interrupted. Once these ‘ເນັ້ນຫນັກໃສ່’ males underwent puberty and became adult, immature circuits still remained in their nervous system causing them to continue to act immature. Their Immaturity was judged by observing that stressed adult male worms showed high sensitivity to a toxic chemical called SDS compared to normal adult males. The stressed worms also spent limited time with other hermaphrodite worms and had difficulties in mating.
ນັກວິທະຍາສາດ made this crucial discovery when some worms were accidently left unattended for some weeks and not given food. This led to a pause in worms’ normal development and they entered a state called ‘dauer state’. This state is like a temporary halt in normal growth of an organism. In case of worms, when immature worms sensed any type of stress, a temporary pause happens in their normal growth for months and later once the stress is gone their growth resumes. So, after stress of starvation passed, worms returned to their normal environment and they went on to mature into adults. Upon examining the nervous system of now adult worms, it was seen that some immature connections in male worm’s tails were retained which would ideally have been eliminated (or pruned) during sexual maturation. Researchers investigated further to state that ‘dauer state’ was caused exclusively by stress of starvation and not by any other form of stress. The stress led to remapping of their wire diagrams. The opposite effects of two neurotransmitters – serotonin and octopamine – control pruning of circuits. The stressed worms had high amount of octopamine which then blocked production of serotonin. If serotonin was given to immature males during stress, then normal pruning took place and adults start exhibiting mature reaction to SDS. In comparison when octopamine was given to immature males, this prevented the circuit pruning. Study suggests that stress can have a likely effect on changes in nervous system when ຕົ້ນ development is taking place. The neurotransmitter serotonin is associated with mental condition of depression in humans.
ຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້ນີ້ອາດຈະເປັນຄວາມຈິງສໍາລັບມະນຸດຄືກັນບໍ? ມັນບໍ່ກົງໄປກົງມາຢູ່ໃນມະນຸດເພາະວ່າພວກເຮົາມີລະບົບປະສາດທີ່ໃຫຍ່ກວ່າແລະສັບສົນຫຼາຍເມື່ອທຽບກັບສັດ. ຢ່າງໃດກໍຕາມ, ແມ່ທ້ອງເປັນຕົວແບບທີ່ງ່າຍດາຍແຕ່ມີປະສິດທິພາບໃນການສຶກສາແລະວິເຄາະລະບົບປະສາດ. ນັກຄົ້ນຄວ້າຊັ້ນນໍາຂອງການສຶກສານີ້ໄດ້ລິເລີ່ມໂຄງການທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ ceNGEN ໂດຍຜ່ານທີ່ພວກເຂົາຈະວາງແຜນການແຕ່ງຫນ້າທາງພັນທຸກໍາແລະກິດຈະກໍາຂອງແຕ່ລະ neuron ໃນລະບົບປະສາດຂອງແມ່ທ້ອງ C. elegans ເຊິ່ງຈະຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ເຂົ້າໃຈໃນການຜະລິດລະບົບປະສາດໃນລາຍລະອຽດຫຼາຍກວ່າເກົ່າແລະການຮ່ວມມືທີ່ເປັນໄປໄດ້ລະຫວ່າງຄົນ. ການແຕ່ງຫນ້າທາງພັນທຸກໍາແລະປະສົບການຂອງຄົນຫນຶ່ງ.
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{ທ່ານສາມາດອ່ານເອກະສານການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຕົ້ນສະບັບໄດ້ໂດຍການຄລິກທີ່ລິ້ງ DOI ທີ່ໃຫ້ໄວ້ຂ້າງລຸ່ມນີ້ໃນລາຍຊື່ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ອ້າງອີງ}
ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ (s)
Bayer EA ແລະ Hobert O. 2018. ປະສົບການທີ່ຜ່ານມາເຮັດໃຫ້ການຮ່ວມເພດ dimorphic ສາຍ neuronal ຜ່ານສັນຍານ monoaminergic. ລັກສະນະ. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0452-0
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