Astronomers have detected the oldest (and the most distant) ຫຼຸມດໍາ from the early ຈັກກະວານ which dates from 400 million years after the big bang. Surprisingly, this is about a few million times the mass of Sun. Under the current understanding of formation of ຫຼຸມດໍາ, such a massive ຫຼຸມດໍາ should take billions of years to grow to this size but, Intriguingly, then the ຈັກກະວານ ມີອາຍຸພຽງແຕ່ 400 ລ້ານປີເທົ່ານັ້ນ.
Earlier, researchers had, by combining data from Chandra X-ray Observatory and JWST, found a ຫຼຸມດໍາ in UHZ1 galaxy that dates from 470 million years after the big bang.
Now, Using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) data, astronomers have detected a blackhole in GN-z11 galaxy that dates from 400 million years after the big bang. This makes this ຫຼຸມດໍາ the oldest ever observed (BHs are not directly observed but detected indirectly by the tell-tale glow of a swirling accretion disc around it) dating from early ຈັກກະວານ. ແສງໄດ້ໃຊ້ເວລາເກືອບ 13.4 ຕື້ປີເພື່ອເຂົ້າຫາກ້ອງສ່ອງທາງໄກ JWS.
This newly detected ຫຼຸມດໍາ from early ຈັກກະວານ ແມ່ນ supermassive, ປະມານສອງສາມລ້ານເທົ່າຂອງມະຫາຊົນຂອງດວງອາທິດ. ສິ່ງທີ່ໜ້າສົນໃຈກ່ຽວກັບຂຸມດຳນີ້ກໍຄືວ່າ ມັນມີມະຫາຊົນຂະໜາດໃດທີ່ຈະກາຍເປັນມະຫາສະມຸດ.
ຮູດໍາ are formed from collapse of the remanent ຂອງ star ຕາຍ under gravity when fuel runs out, if the original mass of the ດາວ is more than 20 solar masses (>20 M⦿). Supermassive ຮູ ດຳ are formed when the original mass of the ດາວ is about a hundred times the mass of the Sun.
In line with this, a supermassive ຫຼຸມດໍາ like the one detected recently from the early ຈັກກະວານ ຄວນໃຊ້ເວລາຫຼາຍຕື້ປີເພື່ອສ້າງແລະເຕີບໃຫຍ່ແຕ່ ຈັກກະວານ ມີພຽງແຕ່ປະມານ 400 ລ້ານປີເທົ່ານັ້ນ.
ມີວິທີອື່ນໃດທີ່ BHs supermassive ຖືກສ້າງຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນ? ບາງທີ, ເງື່ອນໄຂໃນຕົ້ນປີ ຈັກກະວານ allowed this ຫຼຸມດໍາ to be born big or it devoured matter from its host galaxy into itself at much higher rate than thought to be possible.
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ເອກະສານ:
- NASA ປີ 2023. ຂ່າວ – ກ້ອງສ່ອງທາງໄກຂອງ NASA ຄົ້ນພົບຂຸມດຳທີ່ທຳລາຍສະຖິຕິ. ຂຽນເມື່ອວັນທີ 6 ພະຈິກ 2023. ວາງຈຳໜ່າຍທີ່ https://www.nasa.gov/missions/chandra/nasa-telescopes-discover-record-breaking-black-hole/ Preprint ມີຢູ່ https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.15458
- ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຂອງມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລ Cambridge - ນັກດາລາສາດກວດພົບຂຸມດໍາທີ່ເກົ່າແກ່ທີ່ສຸດທີ່ເຄີຍສັງເກດເຫັນ. ຂຽນເມື່ອວັນທີ 17 ມັງກອນ 2024. ມີຢູ່ https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/astronomers-detect-oldest-black-hole-ever-observed/
- Maiolino, R., Scholtz, J., Witstok, J. et al ຂຸມດຳຂະໜາດນ້ອຍ ແລະແຂງແຮງຢູ່ໃນຈັກກະວານຕອນຕົ້ນ. ລັກສະນະ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07052-5 Preprint ມີຢູ່ https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.12492
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