ການປູກຝັງອິນຊີສາມາດມີຜົນກະທົບຫຼາຍກວ່າເກົ່າຕໍ່ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ

Study shows growing food organically has higher impact on ສະພາບອາກາດ because of more land use

ອໍແກນິກ food has become very popular in the last decade as consumers are becoming more aware and health and quality conscious. ອໍແກນິກ food is produced naturally from ການປູກຝັງປອດສານພິດ which aims to increase the naturalness of food by minimizing chemical interference when producing it. So, ອິນຊີ food does not include any pesticides, synthetic fertilizers or other artificial additives. The produce of meat, eggs and other products from animals, is termed ອິນຊີ if animals were not subjected to any antibiotics or growth hormone supplements. Every food item produced organically is also more expensive than conventional food because without use of chemicals or additives, it takes longer time to produce ອິນຊີ food and thus requires more resources in terms of land, time etc. The demand for ອາຫານປອດສານພິດ is certainly higher and rapidly growing compared to the supply which is further contributing to high prices of ອິນຊີ ອາຫານ.

Conventional farming vs ອິນຊີ ການກະສິກໍາ

ນັກຄົ້ນຄວ້າຢູ່ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ Chalmers, ປະເທດສວີເດນໄດ້ພັດທະນາວິທີການໃຫມ່ສໍາລັບການວິເຄາະຜົນກະທົບຂອງ ການປູກຝັງປອດສານພິດ on ສະພາບອາກາດ via the factor of land-use by comparing conventional food production in agriculture with ອິນຊີ production. Their study showed that producing ອິນຊີ food contributed to higher emissions into the ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມທີ່ຢູ່ ຍົກ​ຕົວ​ຢ່າງ, ອິນຊີ peas farmed in Sweden had almost 50 percent higher impact on ສະພາບອາກາດ while for other foods like Swedish winter wheat this number was as high as 70 percent. This is attributed to two reasons; first, to the more land required for ອິນຊີ farming and second, since fertilizers are not used in ອິນຊີ farming the yields per hectare is considerably reduced. For every single food product, be it organic meat or dairy product the land required is much more for organic production compared to conventional ການກະສິກໍາ. This greater land use automatically leads to higher carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions because for every land which needs to be cultivated, forests are converted by cutting trees leading to deforestation. Deforestation accounts for 15 percent of total greenhouse emissions on our ດາວ. Simply put, felling of trees is doing an irreversible damage to the environment and to the ecosystem (flora and fauna).

'ຄ່າໂອກາດຄາບອນ'

ໃນການສຶກສາຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າຈັດພີມມາຢູ່ໃນ ທໍາມະຊາດ ນັກຄົ້ນຄວ້າໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ຕົວຊີ້ວັດໃຫມ່ທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ 'ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍໃນໂອກາດຂອງຄາບອນ' ເປັນຄັ້ງທໍາອິດທີ່ປະເມີນການປ່ອຍອາຍຄາບອນໂດຍຜ່ານຜົນກະທົບຂອງການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນທີ່ສູງຂຶ້ນແລະວິທີການທີ່ມັນປະກອບສ່ວນໃຫ້ການປ່ອຍອາຍພິດ CO2 ຈາກການທໍາລາຍປ່າ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ, ການປ່ອຍອາຍພິດ CO2 ໄດ້ຖືກຈັດອັນດັບຕໍ່ກັບຜົນຜະລິດອາຫານທັງຫມົດເຊິ່ງອັດຕາສ່ວນຂອງອາຫານອິນຊີແນ່ນອນຈະຊັກຊ້າ. ປະລິມານຄາບອນທີ່ເກັບຮັກສາໄວ້ໃນປ່າໄດ້ຖືກພິຈາລະນາແລະເປັນຜົນມາຈາກການທໍາລາຍປ່າໄມ້ CO2 ໄດ້ຖືກປ່ອຍອອກມາໃນບັນຍາກາດ. ເປັນເລື່ອງແປກທີ່, ປັດໄຈການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນແລະຜົນກະທົບຂອງມັນຕໍ່ກັບການປ່ອຍອາຍພິດ CO2 ບໍ່ເຄີຍຖືກວິເຄາະມາກ່ອນໃນການສຶກສາທີ່ຜ່ານມາບາງທີອາດຈະເປັນຍ້ອນການຂາດວິທີການທີ່ກົງໄປກົງມາແລະງ່າຍດາຍ. metric ໃຫມ່ 'ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍໂອກາດຂອງຄາບອນ' ອະນຸຍາດໃຫ້ມີການປຽບທຽບແບບງ່າຍດາຍແຕ່ລະອຽດ. ສະຖິຕິການຜະລິດທັງຫມົດໃນປະເທດແລະຜົນຜະລິດທັງຫມົດຕໍ່ເຮັກຕາສໍາລັບສະຖິຕິກະສິກໍາອິນຊີແລະແບບດັ້ງເດີມແມ່ນສະຫນອງໃຫ້ໂດຍຄະນະກໍາມະການກະສິກໍາຊູແອັດ.

ອໍແກນິກ ການກະສິກໍາ never uses artificial fertilizers as the crops are nourished and nurtured through nutrients naturally present in the soil and if needed only natural pesticides are used. The flipside is that valuable resources like land, water and energy consumed are much higher in organic farming and its relevant to understand how it can be made sustainable over a period of time. According to this study consuming organically produced beans or chicken is better for the ສະພາບອາກາດ then let’s say conventionally produced beef. And eating pork, chicken, fish or eggs will have lower impact on environment than say eating beef or lamb.

However, this study does have limitations – as it was restricted to a few crops and in only one region of a country. So, the recommendation is not to stop consuming organic food altogether. But it is clear, where impact on ສະພາບອາກາດ is concerned, organic food fares worse than conventional food because of the ການກະສິກໍາ methods. There is still lack of substantial scientific evidence to show that organic food is more health friendly or even environment friendly than conventionally farmed food. So even if one assumes organic food is better for people, it may not be so good for the ດາວ! More data is certainly needed to arrive to generalized conclusions. The analysis in this study could also be correlated to biofuels as their production also needs larger land area compared to conventional fuels.

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{ທ່ານສາມາດອ່ານເອກະສານການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຕົ້ນສະບັບໄດ້ໂດຍການຄລິກທີ່ລິ້ງ DOI ທີ່ໃຫ້ໄວ້ຂ້າງລຸ່ມນີ້ໃນລາຍຊື່ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ອ້າງອີງ}

ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ (s)

Searchinger TD et al. 2018. Assessing the efficiency of changes in land use for mitigating ສະພາບອາກາດ ປ່ຽນແປງ. ລັກສະນະ. 564(7735).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0757-z