Successful development of mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 (of Pfizer/BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (of Moderna) against the novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 and the important role these vaccines played recently in mass immunisation of people against COVID-19 pandemic in several countries has established RNA technology and is ushering in a new era in medicine and drug delivery. Its application in development of vaccines against other diseases and therapeutics for several diseases including cancer has already began showing early results. Recently, French scientists had reported a proof of concept for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, the most common hereditary neurological disease that causes progressive paralysis of the legs. In the area of vaccine development, mRNA vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS is reported to have shown promise in pre-clinical trial in animals. The novel mRNA-based HIV vaccine was found safe and reduced risk of HIV-like infection in monkeys thus paving way for phase 1 clinical trials. Based on this, a clinical trial sponsored by NIAID has started. Another clinical trial sponsored by International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) based on Moderna’s mRNA platform based is evaluating HIV vaccine antigens
ມັນແມ່ນຫຼາຍກ່ວາ 40 ປີນັບຕັ້ງແຕ່ບົດລາຍງານຄັ້ງທໍາອິດຂອງ ເຊື້ອໂລກເອດສ/ ກໍລະນີພະຍາດເອດໃນປີ 1981. ເຖິງວ່າຈະມີຄວາມພະຍາຍາມຮ່ວມກັນຂອງຊຸມຊົນວິທະຍາສາດແລະການແພດທົ່ວໂລກມາດົນນານ, ວັກຊີນທີ່ປອດໄພແລະປະສິດທິຜົນຕ້ານ HIV / AIDS ຍັງບໍ່ທັນເປັນໄປໄດ້ຍ້ອນສິ່ງທ້າທາຍຫຼາຍຢ່າງລວມທັງຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງກັນ antigenic ທີ່ໂດດເດັ່ນຂອງທາດໂປຼຕີນຈາກຊອງຈົດຫມາຍ (Env), ການປ້ອງກັນ. ການຕັ້ງຄ່າຂອງ epitopes ອະນຸລັກແລະປະຕິກິລິຍາອັດຕະໂນມັດຂອງພູມຕ້ານທານ. ຫຼາຍວິທີໄດ້ຖືກພະຍາຍາມຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມຜົນໄດ້ຮັບບໍ່ເປັນທີ່ພໍໃຈ. ການທົດລອງຂອງມະນຸດພຽງແຕ່ຫນຶ່ງຄັ້ງສາມາດສະຫນອງການປົກປ້ອງລະດັບຕໍ່າ (~30%).
ຄວາມສໍາເລັດຂອງ mRNA vaccines against SARS CoV-2 has opened up the possibility of developing mRNA technology-based vaccines for other pathogenic viruses like Human Immunodeficiency viruses (ເຊື້ອໂລກເອດສ) responsible for AIDS. The researchers of NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have recently reported development of a novel mRNA ເຊື້ອໂລກເອດສ vaccine which has shown promises in preclinical trials on animals.
The NIAID research team used mRNA for expression of two viral proteins – ເຊື້ອໂລກເອດສ-1 envelope (Env) protein and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein. Injection of mRNA in the muscle for expression of these two proteins generated virus-like particles (VLPs) which was able to induce immune response similar to natural infection. Antibodies were formed that could neutralise and reduce the risk of infection (VLPs could not cause infection because of lack of genome of ເຊື້ອໂລກເອດສ). Vaccination with both env and gag mRNAs yielded better results. The vaccinated animals had 79% lower risk of infection than the unvaccinated animals. Safety and effectiveness data on animals suggested a promising approach for the development of mRNA ສັກຢາປ້ອງກັນ ເຊື້ອໂລກເອດສ.
Encouraged by the results, the phase 1 clinical trial (NCT05217641) has been sponsored by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which is currently recruiting participants.
ອີກປະການຫນຶ່ງ clinical trial (NCT05001373) sponsored by International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) based on Moderna’s mRNA platform is evaluating HIV vaccine antigens originally developed as proteins at Scripps Research and IAVI’s Neutralizing Antibody Center (NAC). This research team had earlier showed that ‘’an adjuvanted protein-based version of the priming immunogen (eOD-GT8 60mer) induced the desired B-cell response in 97% of recipients’’.
Depending on satisfactory safety and effectiveness results from the clinical ການທົດລອງ, ວັກຊີນ mRNA ຕ້ານ HIV/AIDS ອາດຈະສາມາດໃຊ້ໄດ້ໃນອະນາຄົດອັນໃກ້ນີ້.
***
ເອກະສານ:
- Zhang, P., Narayanan, E., Liu, Q. et al. A multiclade env–gag VLP mRNA vaccine elicits tier-2 ເຊື້ອໂລກເອດສ-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques. Nat Med 27, 2234–2245 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01574-5
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of BG505 MD39.3, BG505 MD39.3 gp151, and BG505 MD39.3 gp151 CD4KO HIV Trimer mRNA Vaccines in Healthy, ເຊື້ອໂລກເອດສ-uninfected Adult Participants – ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05217641 Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05217641?cond=NCT05217641&draw=2&rank=1
- IAVI – Press Releases – IAVI and Moderna launch trial of HIV vaccine antigens delivered through mRNA technology. Posted January 27, 2022. Available at https://www.iavi.org/news-resources/press-releases/2022/iavi-and-moderna-launch-trial-of-mrna-hiv-vaccine-antigens
- A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of eOD-GT8 60mer mRNA Vaccine (mRNA-1644) and Core-g28v2 60mer mRNA Vaccine (mRNA-1644v2-Core). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05001373. Sponsor: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05001373?cond=NCT05001373&draw=2&rank=1
***
